黄土高原生态工程对关键生态系统服务时空变化的影响——以延河流域为例

黄土高原地区生态工程的实施，使其生态环境得到显著改善，提高了生态系统服务能力。现有的研究成果中，生态工程对生态系统服务影响的定量评价比较匮乏。以延河流域为例，采用RUSLE模型和InVEST模型对生态系统服务进行评价，通过构建模型识别出不同时期的生态工程区，探究生态工程对生态系统服务的定量影响，为下一步生态工程的实施提供科学的指导和依据。结果表明：(1)2000—2018年，延河流域土壤保持服务和产水服务均呈波动增长趋势，但二者的变化并不同步。(2)4个时期内，能产生生态效应的生态工程区面积呈波动增长趋势，从854 km²增加到1343 km²,在整个流域均有分布，不同时期的重点分布区不同。(3)生态工程增强了区域的土壤保持能力和产水能力，土壤保持服务增强区面积从477.5 km²增加到1140.6 km²,保持的土壤总量从2.1×10⁷ t增加到5.6×10⁷ t;产水服务增强区面积从139.1 km²增加到485.5 km

Effects of ecological engineering on spatio-temporal changes of key ecosystem services on the Loess Plateau: A case study in the Yanhe River Basin, China

The implementation of ecological engineering on the Loess Plateau has significantly improved its ecological environment and enhanced ecosystem service capabilities. The quantitative evaluation of the impact of ecological engineering on ecosystem services is relatively scarce in the existing research. In this study, taking the Yanhe River Basin as an example, the RUSLE and InVEST model were used to evaluate the ecosystem services. And the ecological engineering identification model was constructed to identify ecological engineering areas in different periods. Our study explores the quantitative impact of ecological engineering on ecosystem services, will provide scientific guidance and basis for the implementation of ecological engineering in the next stage. The results showed that:(1) from 2000 to 2018, both soil conservation services and water production services in the Yanhe River Basin showed a fluctuating growth trend, but the changes of the two were not synchronized. (2) During the four periods, the area of ecological engineering zones, which can produce ecological effects, showed a fluctuating growth trend, increasing from 854 km² to 1343 km². They were distributed throughout the whole basin, and the key distribution areas were different in different periods. (3) The ecological engineering enhances the soil conservation capacity and water production capacity of the region. The area of the enhanced soil conservation service region increased from 477.5 km² to 1140.6 km², and the total amount of soil maintained by the region increased from 2.1×10⁷ t to 5.6×10⁷ t. The area of the enhanced water production service region increased from 139.1 km² to 485.5 km², and the total water production of the region increased from 2.9×10⁶ m³ to 1.5×10⁷ m³. (4) The ecological engineering had a synergistic effect on soil conservation services and water production services, and soil conservation services are more sensitive to the ecological engineering than water production services.