Characterization of Fusarium secorum,a new species causing Fusarium yellowing decline of sugar beet in north central USA |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, United States;2. Institute of Sugar Beet Research, Department of Phytopathology, Göttingen 37079, Germany;3. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 58108-6050, United States;4. United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102-2765, United States;1. Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan;2. PCSIR Laboratories Complex Peshawar, Pakistan;3. Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan;4. Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan;1. Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;2. The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;1. Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 412 Heep Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States;2. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 202 HSF Building, College Station, TX 77843, United States;1. Instituto deBiotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas No. 101, Campus para la Cultura, las Artes y el Deporte, Col. Emiliano Zapata, C.P. 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico;2. Laboratorio de Alta Tecnología de Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana. Médicos No. 5, Unidad del Bosque, C.P. 91010 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico;1. Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy;2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Bologna University, Viale Fanin 40, 40127, Bologna, Italy;3. Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrès Estellès s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain |
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| Abstract: | This study characterized a novel sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) pathogen from the Red River Valley in north central USA, which was formally named Fusarium secorum. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of three loci (translation elongation factor1α, calmodulin, mitochondrial small subunit) and phenotypic data strongly supported the inclusion of F. secorum in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC). Phylogenetic analyses identified F. secorum as a sister taxon of F. acutatum and a member of the African subclade of the FFSC. Fusarium secorum produced circinate hyphae sometimes bearing microconidia and abundant corkscrew-shaped hyphae in culture. To assess mycotoxin production potential, 45 typical secondary metabolites were tested in F. secorum rice cultures, but only beauvericin was produced in detectable amounts by each isolate. Results of pathogenicity experiments revealed that F. secorum isolates are able to induce half- and full-leaf yellowing foliar symptoms and vascular necrosis in roots and petioles of sugar beet. Inoculation with F. acutatum did not result in any disease symptoms. The sugar beet disease caused by F. secorum is named Fusarium yellowing decline. Since Fusarium yellowing decline incidence has been increasing in the Red River Valley, disease management options are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) Novel pathogen Phylogeny Taxonomy |
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