基于“生态系统服务网”理论的国土空间规划研究

生态环境恶化使国土空间的管理从重视开发到重视保护转变,相应的思想体系、理论体系与管理机制需要打破旧的路径依赖,建立新的国土空间规划体系。生态系统服务网理论将生态系统服务供给与需求融合到一起,推动生态系统服务"一张网"与国土空间规划"一张图"的衔接。（1）生态系统服务网的网络属性诠释了山水林田湖草-人生命共同体思想体系;（2）生态系统服务网理论强调供给与需求的有效匹配与融合,是国土空间规划的重要依据;（3）生态系统服务网的尺度特征与国土空间规划层级体系存在对应关系,有助于规划的传导与实施;（4）生态系统服务网中供给能力和空间需求匹配的评价是"双评价"的主要内容,为"三区三线"的划定与落地提供了依据;（5）生态系统服务网的价值评估、空间制图与优化,为确定国土空间开发边界与规模奠定了基础,为两山转化路径提供思路和依据,可有效促进国土空间的高质量开发利用。

Research on territorial spatial planning based on the theory of ecosystem service network

The deterioration of ecological environment makes the management of territorial space change from emphasizing development to protection, and the corresponding ideological system, theoretical system and management mechanism need to break the old path dependence and establish a new territorial space planning system. The theory of ecosystem service network integrates the supply and demand of ecosystem services together to promote the connection between a network of ecosystem services and a map of territorial space. It is found that (1) the network attribute of ecosystem service network interprets the thought system of community of mountain, water, forest, farmland, lake, grass and human life; (2) Ecosystem service network theory emphasizes the effective matching and integration of supply and demand, which is an important basis for territorial spatial planning; (3) There is the corresponding relationship between the scale characteristics of ecosystem service network and the hierarchical system of territorial spatial planning, which is helpful to the transmission and implementation of the planning; (4) In essence, "double evaluation" is the evaluation of the matching of supply capacity and demand in the ecosystem service network, which provides the basis for the demarcation and landing of "three regions and three lines"; (5) The value evaluation, spatial mapping and optimization of ecosystem service network lay a foundation for determining the boundary and scale of territorial space development, and provide ideas and basis for the transformation path of "two mountains", which can effectively promote the high-quality development and utilization of territorial space.