Trace metals and micronutrients in bone tissues of the red fox <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vulpes vulpes</Emphasis> (L., 1758) |
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Authors: | Natalia Lanocha Elzbieta Kalisinska Danuta I Kosik-Bogacka Halina Budis Kinga Noga-Deren |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;(2) Department of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry and Preclinical Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; |
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Abstract: | In this study we determined the levels of trace elements (zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and mercury) in three layers of bones
of the hip joint (cartilage, compact bone and spongy bone) of 30 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from north-western Poland. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ICP-AES)
in inductively coupled argon plasma using a Perkin-Elmer Optima 2000 DV. Determination of Hg concentration was performed by
atomic absorption spectroscopy. In cartilage, compact bone and spongy bone samples from the red fox, median concentrations
of the metals studied could be arranged in the following descending series: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg, the values ranging from
142 to 0.002 mg/kg dw. There was a significant difference in Cu concentrations, among all the materials analyzed, with much
more Cu found in spongy bone than in compact bone. Significant differences were also noted in the case of Hg concentrations
in cartilage with compact bone and the spongy bone, and between concentrations of this metal in compact bone and spongy bone.
In males, the concentration of Hg in spongy bone was greater than in females. Younger foxes had a higher concentration of
this metal in cartilage than adults. The strongest synergistic relationships were observed in spongy bone between the Zn and
Cu, Zn and Cd, as well as between Cu and Cd. Statistically significant antagonistic relationships were detected between zinc
and lead in compact bone. In addition to monitoring studies conducted on the abiotic environment, an urgent need exists for
long-term monitoring of concentrations of heavy metals with long-term effects on living organisms. An important addition is
provided by biomonitoring studies on domesticated and free-living mammals, including Canidae. |
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