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Impacts of drinking water pretreatments on the formation of nitrogenous disinfection by-products |
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| Authors: | Chu Wenhai Gao Naiyun Deng Yang Templeton Michael R Yin Daqiang |
| Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. |
| Abstract: | The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), including both nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) and carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs), was investigated by analyzing chlorinated water samples following the application of three pretreatment processes: (i) powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption; (ii) KMnO(4) oxidation and (iii) biological contact oxidation (BCO), coupled with conventional water treatment processes. PAC adsorption can remove effectively the precursors of chloroform (42.7%), dichloroacetonitrile (28.6%), dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) (27.2%) and trichloronitromethane (35.7%), which were higher than that pretreated by KMnO(4) oxidation and/or BCO process. The removal efficiency of dissolved organic carbon by BCO process (76.5%)--was superior to that by PAC adsorption (69.9%) and KMnO(4) oxidation (61.4%). However, BCO increased the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentration which caused more N-DBPs to be formed during subsequent chlorination. Soluble microbial products including numerous DON compounds were produced in the BCO process and were observed to play an essential role in the formation of DCAcAm in particular. |
| Keywords: | BCAN bromochloroacetonitrile BCO biological contact oxidation C-DBPs carbonaceous disinfection by-products CF chloroform DBAN dibromoacetonitrile DBPs disinfection by-products DCAcAm dichloroacetamide DCAN dichloroacetonitrile DIN dissolved inorganic nitrogen DOC dissolved organic carbon DON dissolved organic nitrogen EEM excitation-emission matrix GC/MS gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry HAAs haloacetic acids HAcAms haloacetamides HANs haloacetonitriles HNMs halonitromethanes N-DBPs nitrogenous disinfection by-products NDMA N-nitrosodimethylamine NOM natural organic matter PAC powdered activated carbon SMP soluble microbial product SUVA specific ultraviolet absorption TCAcAm trichloroacetamide TCAN trichloroacetonitrile TCNM trichloronitromethane THMs trihalomethanes TDN total dissolved nitrogen WTP water treatment plant |
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