Normobaric hyperoxic stress in budgerigars: non-enzymic antioxidants |
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Authors: | Jaensch S Cullen L Morton L Raidal S R |
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Institution: | Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia. jaensch@numbat.murdoch.edu.au |
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Abstract: | The effects of oxygen exposure on pulmonary and blood non-enzymic antioxidant concentrations was evaluated in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Budgerigars were exposed to acute (3 h), repeated acute (3 exposures each of 3 h) or chronic (72 h) normobaric hyperoxic environments and the pulmonary and plasma concentrations of selected non-enzymic antioxidants, namely glutathione, uric acid, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol and carotenoids were assayed. With increasing duration of oxygen exposure, the ratio of oxidised to reduced glutathione was significantly increased, while the concentrations of uric acid, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol and carotenoids were significantly reduced, especially following chronic oxygen exposure. Following acute and repeated acute exposure, alteration in glutathione concentrations and reduction in alpha-tocopherol concentrations indicated oxygen stress. Following chronic exposure, depletion of non-enzymic antioxidants indicated exhaustion of these protective mechanisms and progression from oxygen stress to oxygen toxicity. |
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Keywords: | Avian Oxygen toxicity Pulmonary Normobaric Glutathione Tocopherol Carotenoid Uric acid |
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