生长激素受体的研究进展

生长激素（GH）在促进动物生长、发育等代谢过程中起着重要作用，GH发挥生理作用的第一步是与靶细胞膜表面的生长激素受体（CHR）结合。现已基本阐明了CHR的结构及由CHR介导的信号转导途径，对GHR基因表达调节的机制也有了一定的了解。GHR是由约620个氨基酸组成的单链跨膜糖蛋白，其胞外区、跨膜区及胞区内分别由约245、25及350个氨基酸组成。由GHR介导的信号转导途径主要有：①酪氨酸激酶系统；②蛋白激酶C途径；③胰岛素受体底物途径。营养状况及GH等内分泌因子对GHR的表达也有调节作用。

Research Advances in Growth Hormone Receptor

Pituitary growth hormone (GH) is essential for growth and metabolism in animals.Association of GH with the GH receptor (GHR) in target tissues of GH triggers the postreceptor signaling systems,which culminate in the biological actions of GH.GHR is a glycoprotein of about 620 amino acids (aa) with single transmembrane domain.The extracellular,the transmembrane and the intracellular domain of GHR are composed of about 245aa,25aa and 350aa respectively.The pathways of signaling by GHR include the activations of the tyrosine kinase JAK2,the protein kinase C and the insulin receptor substrate.Nutrition,GH and other factors can also regulate the expression of GHR.