Tin Oxide Nanowires Suppress Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Entry and Cell-to-Cell Membrane Fusion |
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| Authors: | James Trigilio Thessicar E Antoine Ingo Paulowicz Yogendra K Mishra Rainer Adelung Deepak Shukla |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.; 2. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.; 3. Department of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.; UC Irvine Medical Center, United States of America, |
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| Abstract: | The advent of nanotechnology has ushered in the use of modified nanoparticles as potential antiviral agents against diseases such as herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1) (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), monkeypox virus, and hepatitis B virus. Here we describe the application of tin oxide (SnO2) nanowires as an effective treatment against HSV-1 infection. SnO2 nanowires work as a carrier of negatively charged structures that compete with HSV-1 attachment to cell bound heparan sulfate (HS), therefore inhibiting entry and subsequent cell-to-cell spread. This promising new approach can be developed into a novel form of broad-spectrum antiviral therapy especially since HS has been shown to serve as a cellular co-receptor for a number of other viruses as well, including the respiratory syncytial virus, adeno-associated virus type 2, and human papilloma virus. |
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