动物体细胞核移植技术的研究现状

动物体细胞核移植的成功表明动物体细胞的分化是可逆的，这是近年来人类在细胞生物学及发育生物学领域取得的最伟大的成就之一。１９９７年首例体细胞核移植绵羊在世界上诞生，之后不久出现了体细胞核移植小鼠及牛，并通过体细胞核移植技术制作了转基因动物。成就是不言而喻的，但其中也暴露出一些需克服和解决的问题。本文围绕世界上首例体细胞克隆羊诞生的背景、体细胞核移植技术目前的研究状况、体细胞核移植过程中的核质互作、体细胞核移植技术目前存在的问题、体细胞核移植技术在制作转基因动物上的应用等方面，扼要介绍了体细胞核移植技术在最近两年内取得的进展。

Current Status of Nuclear Transplantation of Animal Somatic Cells

The success of nuclear transfer of somatic cells indicates that the differentiation of animal somatic cells is not irreversible, this is the most important achievement the human beings made in the areas of cell and developmental biology in the recent years. The first sheep cloned from cultured mammary epithelia cell was born in 1997, soon after that the cloned mice and calves were reported, and nuclear transfer of somatic cells has been used successfully to make transgenic animals.In this paper, the background of making the first cloned sheep, DOLLY, from cultured adult somatic cell, the present status of somatic cell nuclear transfer, the interactions between donor nuclei and recipient cytoplasm during the process of nuclear transfer, the problems existing in this area, and the application in animal transgenic makings were briefly reviewed.