江苏兴化蒋庄遗址良渚文化墓地的古人口学

古人口学研究包含对人口学静态参数和动态参数的研究,本文对江苏兴化蒋庄遗址良渚文化墓地进行了性别、年龄结构的分析和生育水平的估计,后者采用的是用n₃₀₊/n₅₊估算粗出生率的方法。蒋庄人口的性别比是105,属于正常范围。模型拟合研究发现蒋庄人口的死亡年龄结构接近正态分布,这种现象可能与婴幼儿统计漏查、成人年龄鉴定中存在的问题和对"老年"标准的定义有关。通过估算粗出生率并将蒋庄样本和其他新石器时代人骨样本进行粗出生率的对比,发现蒋庄人口的生育水平较高,可能与其环境优渥、文明进步有关。研究还表明,对新方法的尝试和对人骨样本代表性的重视是推动古人口学进步的关键。

Paleodemographic research on Liangzhu culture cemetery of the Jiangzhuang site in Xinghua,Jiangsu

Researches on paleodemography contains the researches on stationery parameters and dynamic parameters. The analysis of sex and age structure and the estimate of fertility level of Liangzhu culture cemetery in Jiangzhuang site in Xinghua, Jiangsu were conducted, and the latter was implemented by the method of using n₃₀₊/n₅₊ to estimate crude birth rate(CBR). It was revealed that the sex ratio of Jiangzhuang was 105 which fell well within the normal range. The age-at-death distribution of Jiangzhuang approximated normal distribution by model fitting, which might be associated with the under-enumeration of infants, the problems in adult age estimation and the establishment of the criteria of judging “old age”. By estimating and contrasting the CBRs of Jiangzhuang and other Neolithic human skeleton samples, it was revealed that the fertility level of Jiangzhuang is relatively high, which might be associated with the favorable living environment and the development of civilization. Otherwise, the research also indicated that the experiments of new methods and paying attention to the issue of the representativeness of human skeleton sample were vital for advancing paleodemography.