基诺族体质特征及35年来体质的变化

对云南西双版纳傣族自治州景洪县基诺山基诺乡的基诺族进行体质调查,测量了600例(男279人,女321人)成人人体测量学指标,与35年前在同一地区测量的基诺族体质数据进行了比较,初步分析了35年来基诺族体质变化的原因,研究表明,基诺族身材较矮,颧部不突出,上眼睑多有皱褶,接近40%成年人具有蒙古褶,眼裂高度多为中等,眼外角多高于眼内角,鼻根高度多为中等,多为直鼻背,多直发。基诺族男性、女性均为圆头型、高头型、中头型、阔面型、中鼻型,中躯干型、中腿型、宽胸型、宽肩型、中骨盆型。这些表明基诺族具有南亚类型体质特征。35年来,基诺族男女的头长、头宽、面宽、下颌角宽、容貌面高、身高、坐高、胸围、肩宽、体重等指标值较1980年指标有所增长。基诺族体质的变化与当地生产力的发展,饮食结构的改善、体力劳动的强度变化都有一定的关系。

The physical characteristics and its changes of Jino in 35 years

A physical survey was conducted in Jinuo Mountain Jino Townshipof Jinghong County of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan. The anthropometric traits of 600 adults (279 males and 321 females) were measured, and the Jino physical data measured in the same area 33 years ago were compared with the current physica data. The reasons for the changes of the physical characteristics in the past 35 years were analyzed. The research shows that the stature of Jino is short, the cheekbone is not prominent and the eyefold of the upper eyelid has a high percentage. Nearly 40% of the adults have Mongoloid fold. Most of the opening heights of eyeslits are middle with the external angle higher than the internal angle. Most nasal root height is middle size and with a straight nasal profile, and more straight hair. Jino males and females are brachycephaly, hypsicephalic type, metriocephalic type, euryprosopy, mesorrhiny, middle trunk, mesatiskelic type, broad chest circumference, broad shoulder breadth and medium distance between iliac crests. These characteristics show that the Jino have the physical characteristics of the South Asian type. In the past 35 years, the head length, head breadth, face breadth, bigonial breadth, physiognomic facial height, stature, sitting height, chest circumference, shoulder breadth and body weight of the Jino males and females have increased than the 1982 indices. The changes of the Jino physical characteristics have a certain relationship with the development of local productivity, the improvement of dietary structure and the intensity of physical labor.