小鼠肝炎病毒S蛋白及其受体的研究现状

MHV表面S蛋白介导多种重要的生物学功能,包括对易感细胞受体的吸附、侵入阶段病毒与细胞膜的融合、病毒传播过程中细胞与细胞的融合,以及免疫激活、组织嗜性、病毒致病性的变异。S蛋白对受体mCEACAM的识别是MHV感染种属特异性和组织趋向性的最初决定因素,不同MHV毒株S1亚基的长度及核苷酸序列都呈现高度多态性,这些突变导致抗体表位和T细胞表位缺失,为病毒逃避免疫监视提供一条途径。

Current Status of Research on Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV)Spike Protein and It's Receptors

S protein of MHV is involved in a variety of important biological functions in viral pathogenicity. It is able to mediate the attachment of virus to the cell surface and to fuse cellular membranes and by implication, virus to cell membranes. It is also involved in the humoral immune response, tissue tropism and the changes in viral pathogenicity. Recognition of mCEACAM by the viral spike glycoprotein is the initial determinant of species specificity and tissue tropism of MHV infection. There is considerable polymorphism in both the length and nucleotide sequence of the S1 subunit that possibly resulted from mutation and recombination. Relative to the parent viruses, these mutations result in the lack of both antibody epitopes and T-cell epitopes, thus suggesting that S1 deletion can provide a means for escape from immunologic surveillance.