Functional morphology of the light yellow cell and yellow cell (sodium influx-stimulating peptide) neuroendocrine systems of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis |
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Authors: | H. H. Boer Cora Montagne-Wajer F. G. Smith D. C. Parish Marja D. Ramkema R. M. Hoek J. van Minnen P. R. Benjamin |
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Affiliation: | (1) Graduate School of Neurosciences Amsterdam, Research Institute Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit, Faculty of Biology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1087, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;(2) Sussex Centre for Neuroscience School of Biology, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QG UK-Brighton, East Sussex, UK;(3) Unit of Metabolic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Paddington, W21PG UK-London, UK |
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Abstract: | Neuroendocrine light yellow cells of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis express a neuropeptide gene encoding three different peptides. The morphology of the cell system has been studied by in situ hybridization, using two synthetic oligonucleotides encoding parts of light yellow cell peptides I and III, and by immunocytochemistry with antisera to synthetic light yellow cell peptide II and to two fragments of light yellow cell peptide I. One large cluster of light yellow cells was observed in the ventro-lateral protrusion of the right parietal ganglion, smaller clusters lying in the posterior dorsal part of this ganglion and in the visceral ganglion. The cells had an extended central neurohaemal area. Immunopositive axons projected into all nerves of the ganglia of the visceral complex, into the superior cervical and the nuchal nerves, and into the connective tissue surrounding the central nervous system. Axon tracts ramified between the muscle cells of the walls of the anterior aorta and of smaller blood vessels. Peripheral innervation by the light yellow cell system was only found in muscular tissue of the ureter papilla. The antisera to the two peptide fragments of light yellow cell peptide I not only stained the light yellow cells, but also the identified yellow cells, which have previously been shown to produce the sodium influx-stimulating neuropeptide. The latter cells were negative to the in situ hybridization probes and antisera specific to the light yellow cell system. It is therefore unlikely that the yellow cells express the light yellow cell neuropeptide gene. Nevertheless, the cells contain a neuropeptide sharing antigenic determinants with light yellow cell peptide I. Our observations support the hypothesis that light yellow cells are involved in maintaining the shape of the animal via the regulation of ion- and waterbalance processes and blood pressure. |
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Keywords: | Sodium influx-stimulating peptide, mollusc Neuroendocrine cells, mollusc Light yellow cells Yellow cells In situ hybridization Immunocytochemistry Osmoregulation Lymnaea stagnalis (Mollusca) |
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