红树林湿地在海岸生态系统维护中的功能*

综述了红树林湿地在海岸生态系统中所具有的维护生物多样性、防风消浪、促淤护岸、防灾减灾、净化海水、调节大气和美化海岸带景观等方面的功能。探讨了广东及华南沿海红树林的分布状况和存在问题,指出了华南沿海现存的红树林湿地正在遭受严重的威胁和破坏。华南沿海现存红树林湿地面积仅有1.5×10⁵hm²,比历史最大面积减少了70%;广东省的红树林湿地由10年前的1.47×10⁴hm²减少到现在的9100hm²,减少了38%。提出了建立和完善红树林自然保护网络系统、积极实施红树林湿地生态修复工程、注重红树林的引种和种苗培育技术研究、充分评估红树林湿地的巨大生态效价等对策与建议。

Functions of mangrove wetlands in the conservation of the coastal ecosystems

The functions of mangrove wetlands including biodiversity conservation, shoreline protection, water and atmosphere purification, coast beautification and so on are summarized. The distribution characteristics and the issues of the mangroves in Guangdong Province and in the coastal area of South China are discussed. The mangroves in the coastal area of South China are being destroyed seriously and are subject to danger. The mangrove wetland area in the coastal area of South China is only 1.5×10⁵hm², 70% smaller than that of the historical recode. And the one in Guangdong Province is now 9100 hm², 38% smaller than 1.47×10⁴hm², the record 10 years ago. Thus, some advice and countermeasures are given, i.e. to establish the network of mangrove nature reserves, to put in practice the ecological engineering approach to mangrove restoration, to improve studies on plant introduction of mangroves and cultivation techniques for mangrove seedling, to well estimate the huge eco-efficiency of mangrove wetlands.