Transfer of microcontaminants from sediment to chironomids, and the risk for the Pond bat Myotis dasycneme (Chiroptera) preying on them |
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Authors: | J.O. Reinhold A.J. Hendriks L.K. Slager M. Ohm |
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Affiliation: | (1) Bat Research Office, P.O. Box 190, 6700 AD Wageningen, The Netherlands;(2) Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment, P.O. Box 17, 8200 AA Lelystad, The Netherlands;(3) During this study working for: Institute for Environmental Studies, De Boelelaan 1115, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;(4) Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, P.O. Box 556, 3000 AN Rotterdam, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Transfer ratios of metals, PCBs, pesticides and PAHs from the sediment to chironomid larvae and adults collected in a highly contaminated area, the Biesbosch, were studied. Metal concentrations in larvae were 0.28 (Cd), 0.02 (Cr), 0.52 (Cu), 0.06 (Hg), 0.03 (Pb), 0.32 (Zn) times those found in standard sediment, on a dry weight basis. Hg and Zn were well transported to the adult stage. Dry weight ratios of contaminant residues in adults and in larvae were 0.38 (Cd), 0.23 (Cr), 0.62 (Cu), 1.03 (Hg), 0.08 (Pb), 0.94 (Zn). For PCBs and pesticides, the concentration ratios of chironomid larvae fat to sediment (dry organic matter) varied around 3.3, which is consistent with laboratory studies. Organochlorine residues in adult fat were comparable to those in larvae lipids. However, the concentrations of non-ortho PCBs were 1.7 times higher in adults. For polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), larval fat:sediment (organic matter) concentration ratios ranged from 0.004 to 0.1. Adult: larvae ratios for PAHs varied between 0.2 and 0.6. For naphthalene a much higher transport ratio of 2 was found. Chironomid adults are the most important potential food source of the Pond bat, which lives in low densities in the Biesbosch. The contaminant concentrations measured in the chironomids do not exceed diet levels that are thought to be safe for mammals. However, Pond bats collected in less contaminated areas contained PCB-concentrations of 9, 33 and 76 mg kg–1 lipid weight, which are above concentrations that cause reproduction effects on Mink. |
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Keywords: | accumulation bats Chironomidae Chiroptera food chain transfer heavy metals Myotis dasycneme PAHs PCBs pesticides sediment |
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