Proteoglycans as cues for axonal guidance in formation of retinotectal or retinocollicular projections |
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Authors: | Hiroyuki Ichijo |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575 Ibaraki, Japan |
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Abstract: | Understanding the formation of neuronal circuits has long been one of the basic problems in developmental neurobiology. Projections
from the retina to their higher center, the optic tectum in nonmammalian vertebrates and the superior colliculus in mammals,
are most amenable to experimental approaches; thus, much information has been accumulated about the mechanisms of axonal guidance.
The retinal axons navigate along the appropriate pathway with the help of a series of guidance cues. Although much of the
work has focused on proteinaceous factors, proteoglycans have been identified as playing important roles in retinal axon guidance.
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycans are involved in essential decisions of axon steering along
the pathway. However, it has not been determined whether diversity of the carbohydrate chains results in differential effects
and how their diversity is recognized by growth cones, which represent an important area of future research. |
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Keywords: | Axon growth cone guidance retina ganglion cell retinotectal retinocollicular proteoglycan glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate heparan sulfate |
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