Homologies of the branchial arch muscles in Zacco platypus (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae): Evidence from innervation pattern |
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| Authors: | Masanori Nakae Kunio Sasaki Tsuneo Nakajima Yusuke Miyazaki Keiichi Matsuura |
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| Institution: | 1. Collection Center, National Museum of Nature and Science, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 169‐0073, Japan;2. Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780‐8520, Japan;3. Cultural History and Geoscience Research Group, Lake Biwa Museum, Kusatsu, Shiga 525‐0001, Japan;4. Laboratory of Conservation Ecology, Department of Ecosystem Studies, Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐8657, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Homologies of the branchial arch muscles in the cyprinid Zacco platypus are assessed based on their innervation. Muscles serving the first gill arch are innervated by branches of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve and those serving other arches by the vagal (X) nerve. Absence of the levator posterior is confirmed. Five pairs of muscles originating from the cranium and inserted onto the specialized 5th ceratobranchial, all unique to cyprinids, are innervated by the 4th branchial trunks of X, indicating that all pairs are derivatives of the sphincter oesophagi, involving reorganization from intrinsic to extrinsic elements. Homologies of some ventral branchial muscles are also discussed and the criteria for homology improved by clarifying the innervation pattern. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
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| Keywords: | Cypriniformes branchial arch muscles innervation homology |
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