甘蓝型油菜雌性不育突变体FS-M1乳突细胞的细胞学观察

雌性不育突变体FS-M₁是从甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)品种宁油10号中发现的。为了从细胞学角度研究FS-M₁的雌性不育机理, 利用荧光显微镜、扫描和透射电子显微镜观察分析了FS-M₁柱头乳突细胞的授粉行为和超微结构。结果表明: 花粉粒能在FS-M₁乳突细胞上附着和萌发形成花粉管, 但花粉管无法穿越柱头乳突细胞; 开花后的FS-M₁乳突细胞迅速衰退而呈干瘪萎蔫状, 在衰退过程中, FS-M₁柱头乳突细胞的细胞器数量减少, 细胞液泡化明显, 高尔基体、内质网和线粒体等一些细胞器结构被逐渐破坏。因此, 推测FS-M₁的雌性不育性是由于柱头乳突细胞发育异常造成的。

Anatomy of Papilla Cells of a Female Sterile Mutant FS-M1 in Brassica napus

The female sterile mutant FS-M₁ was isolated from spontaneous mutation of Brassica napus ‘Ningyou10’. To understand the cellular mechanism of female sterility, we investigated the pollination response and ultrastructure of FS-M₁ papilla cells by fluorescence microscope, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. Pollen grains could adhere to and germinate to produce pollen tubes on FS-M₁ papilla cells, but the pollen tubes could not penetrate into papilla cells. FS-M₁ papilla cells became withered and degenerated quickly after flowering. During the degeneration, the number of organelles was significantly decreased; vacuolization was obvious; some organelles such as dictyosome, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria gradually became misshapen and degenerated. Therefore, female sterility in FS-M₁ may have resulted from defects in papilla cells.