Flavonoids in seed and root exudates of Lotus pedunculatus and their biotransformation by Mesorhizobium loti |
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Authors: | Helen L. Steele D. Werner J. E. Cooper |
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Affiliation: | Department of Applied Plant Science, The Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK; Fachbereich Biologie, Fachgebiet Zellbiologie und Angewandte Botanik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße, D-35032 Marburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | Analysis of the flavonoid content of seed and root exudates of Lotus pedunculatus was undertaken using multiple coupled analytical techniques: capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to a UV spectral array detector (CZE-UV), high performance thin-layer chromatography with densitometry (HPTLC-UV) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These procedures provided separation, identification and structural confirmation of the previously unidentified flavonoids in this plant's seed and root exudates and were particularly applicable to samples from a small seeded legume. Catechin, naringenin, kaempferol, quercetin aglycone and 3 different glycosides of quercetin were detected in seed exudate. Sterile root exudates contained catechin, naringenin and quercetin in addition to apigenin, kaempferol and other flavones and flavanones for which partial identifications were obtained. When sterile root exudate was incubated with Mesorhizobium loti , changes in its flavonoid content were detected. Analysis of bacterial cells after incubation revealed the presence of quercetin, kaempferol and one other flavone. The monocyclic aromatics protocatechuic acid and phloroglucinol were detected in both the incubated root exudate and its bacterial cells. |
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