农业生命周期评价研究进展

作为评价产品系统全链条环境影响的有效工具，生命周期评价（LCA）方法已广泛用于工业领域。农业领域也面临着高强度的资源和环境压力，LCA在农业领域的应用应运而生。旨在综述已有农业LCA研究的基础上，鉴别农业LCA应用存在的问题，并为农业LCA未来的发展提出建议。目前农业LCA存在系统边界和功能单位界定不明晰、缺少区域清单数据库、生命周期环境影响评价模型（LCIA）不能准确反映农业系统环境影响、结果解释存在误区等方面的问题。为了科学准确地衡量农业系统的环境影响，促进农业系统的可持续发展，文章认为农业LCA应该从以下几个方面加强研究，即科学界定评价的参照系、系统边界的扩大及功能单位的合理选取、区域异质性数据库构建与LCIA模型开发、基于组织农业LCA的开发以及对于利益相关者行为的研究。

Research Progress of life cycle assessment on agriculture

As an effective tool for evaluating the environmental impact of production system from cradle to grave, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method has been widely used in relevant studies on the industrial sector. The agricultural sector is also accompanied by high-intensity resource and environmental pressures, and the application of LCA in agriculture has emerged. This paper aims to review the existing research in agricultural LCA, identify the problems of the application of LCA in agriculture, and make recommendations for the future development of agricultural LCA. At present, several challenges exist in agricultural LCAs: unclear definitions of system boundary and functional unit, lack of regional inventory databases, inaccurate life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) model in reflecting the environmental impact of the agricultural system, and misunderstanding in the interpretation of the results. In order to scientifically and accurately measure the environmental impacts of agricultural systems and promote their sustainable development, the article advocates that the agricultural LCA should strengthen research from the following aspects: the scientific setting of the reference system, expansion of system boundaries and rational selection of functional units, construction of the regionally heterogeneous database and development of LCIA model, development of LCA on organizational agriculture, and research on stakeholder behaviors.