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Clypeatula cooperensis gen. n., sp. n., a new freshwater sponge (Porifera,Spongillidae) from the Rocky Mountains of Montana,USA
Authors:Peterson K J  Addis J S
Institution:Division of Biology and Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. peterson@mirsky.caltech.edu
Abstract:A new genus and species of freshwater sponge, Clypeatula cooperensis , collected from three lakes in the Northern Rocky Mountains of Montana, USA, are described. The sponge grows as a hard, disc-shaped encrustation on the undersides of rocks and logs. It lacks microscleres and has amphioxeal megascleres that often show a slight midregion bulb and are usually covered with short, conical spines except at their tips. The sponge is also non-gemmulating, overwintering in a regressed state in which choanocyte chambers are reduced in number. Phylogenetic analyses of complete 18S rDNA sequences of C. cooperensis , Ephydatia muelleri , Spongilla lacustris and Eunapius fragilis suggest that C. cooperensis is more closely related to Ephydatia muelleri than to Spongilla lacustris or Eunapius fragilis . Our data, nonetheless, do not rule out the possibility that C. cooperensis is more closely related to the non-gemmulating sponges of Lake Baikal (Russia) than it is to Ephydatia muelleri . These phylogenetic analyses support the erection of a new genus, the monophyly of freshwater sponges belonging to the families Spongillidae and Lubomirskiidae, and the monophyly of demosponges.
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