核酸适配体在三阴性乳腺癌诊疗中的研究进展*

乳腺癌是女性高发恶性肿瘤,三阴性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer, TNBC)恶性程度极高,且发病机制复杂,是乳腺癌分型中预后最差的类型,但目前其早期筛查和诊断的敏感度仍处在较低水平。因此,亟须通过应用具有高度特异性的肿瘤标志物分子探针,实现其早期诊断和治疗。核酸适配体是在人工合成的随机单链核酸序列文库中,通过指数富集的配体系统进化技术(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, SELEX)筛选获得的寡核苷酸序列。高效的分子识别能力使其成为最具潜力的生物靶向分子,在肿瘤诊断及治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。目前,通过筛选已获得了多种靶向TNBC细胞的核酸适配体。重点综述基于SELEX及其衍生技术筛选TNBC相关核酸适配体的新进展,以及核酸适配体在TNBC诊断和治疗中的应用,为相关研究提供参考。

Advances in Aptamers in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Triple-negative Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor mostly occurring in women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly malignant and has a complex pathogenesis, which is the worst prognosis type of breast cancer classification. However, the sensitivity of its early screening and diagnosis is still at a low level. Therefore, it is urgent to achieve its early diagnosis and treatment by applying highly specific molecular probes for detection of tumor markers. Aptamer is a class of oligonucleotide screened by SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) technology in a synthetic library of random single-chain nucleic acid sequences. With efficient molecular recognition ability, it has become the most potential bio-targeting molecule and has a wide application prospect in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Currently, several aptamers targeting TNBC cells have been obtained by screening. Here, the new progress of screening TNBC related aptamers based on SELEX and its derivatives, as well as the application of aptamers in the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC are reviewed, to provide a reference for related research.