人源性食管癌异种移植模型的建立及应用进展*

食管癌是全球第十大常见癌症,其发病率和病死率较高,主要包括食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)和食管腺癌(EAC),通常发展到晚期才被诊断发现。食管癌的标准治疗方法包括放化疗、内窥镜疗法和外科手术,但其预后效果不甚理想。良好的动物模型可用于研究食管癌的发生发展和生物学机制。患者来源的异种移植(PDX)模型最大程度上保留了原始肿瘤的细胞形态、组织结构特征和与患者相似的遗传特征。PDX模型为研究食管癌患者对放化疗的反应性,寻求新的治疗靶点,改善预后效果提供了新的平台,使个性化精准治疗研究迈入新阶段。就食管癌PDX模型的特点、构建时常用的实验动物、优化模型建立的方法以及PDX模型在食管癌研究中的应用进行综述,并讨论了食管癌PDX模型的局限性和未来发展前景,以期为食管癌的个性化精准治疗、改善患者预后提供新的研究方向。

Establishment and Application Progress of Patient-derived Xenograft Model of Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer is the tenth most common cancer in the world, with high morbidity and mortality. The main subtypes of esophageal cancer include esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), the patients of which are usually diagnosed at a late stage. The standard treatment methods of esophageal cancer include radiotherapy and chemotherapy, endoscopic therapy and surgery, but the prognosis is still not good as expected. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model retains the cellular morphology, tissue structure and genetic characteristics of the original tumor to the greatest extent. The PDX model provides a new platform and guarantee for studying the reactivity of patients with esophageal cancer to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, seeking new therapeutic targets and improving prognosis, which makes personalized precision therapy research enter a new stage. This article first reviews the characteristics of esophageal cancer PDX model, the commonly used experimental animals, the ways and methods for optimizing the model establishment, and the application of PDX model in the research of esophageal cancer, and then discusses the limitations and future development prospects of esophageal cancer PDX model, in order to provide a new research direction for personalized precision therapy and improve the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer.