转基因作物在南非的应用及对我国的启示*

2019年是南非转基因作物商业化种植的第22年,3种主要转基因作物:棉花、玉米和大豆共种植了268万公顷,在全球所有转基因作物生产国中排名第八位,在非洲大陆排名第一位。这样一个具有超高转基因作物应用率的国家,有关其转基因商业化进程及现状鲜有系统介绍。综合1996~2019年的国际农业生物技术应用服务组织(International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications,ISAAA)的报告及其他数据资料,对南非转基因作物批准和种植情况、自主研发情况、安全管理制度、进出口情况及公众接受度做了概述,并以此为基础对我国转基因产业提出建议。

Application of Genetically Modified Crops in South Africa and Its Enlightenment to China

The year 2019 marked South Africa’s 22 years of commercial cultivation of biotech crops, planting a total of 2.68 million hectares on the three principal genetically modified crops: cotton, maize, and soybeans. South Africa is ranked 8^th among all the countries that plant genetically modified crops in the world, and is the biotechnology leader on the African continent. For such a country with a super-high application rate of genetically modified crops, there is a lack of a systematic introduction to the process and current situation of its genetically modified crops commercialization now. Using the reports and other data from the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) from 1996 to 2019, this paper introduces the approval and cultivation of genetically modified crops in South Africa, independent research and development, management system, import and export situation and public acceptance. Based on this, some suggestions for our regulation on genetically modified crops in China are proposed.