Pike and salmon as sister taxa: Detailed intraclade resolution and divergence time estimation of Esociformes + Salmoniformes based on whole mitochondrial genome sequences |
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| Authors: | Matthew A. Campbell,J. André s Ló pez,Tetsuya Sado,Masaki Miya |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology and Wildlife, 211 Irving I Building, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA;2. University Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA;3. Fisheries Division, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA;4. Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 955-2 Aoba-cho, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8682, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The increasing number of taxa and loci in molecular phylogenetic studies of basal euteleosts has brought stability in a controversial area. A key emerging aspect to these studies is a sister Esociformes (pike) and Salmoniformes (salmon) relationship. We evaluate mitochondrial genome support for a sister Esociformes and Salmoniformes hypothesis by surveying many potential outgroups for these taxa, employing multiple phylogenetic approaches, and utilizing a thorough sampling scheme. Secondly, we conduct a simultaneous divergence time estimation and phylogenetic inference in a Bayesian framework with fossil calibrations focusing on relationships within Esociformes + Salmoniformes. Our dataset supports a sister relationship between Esociformes and Salmoniformes; however the nearest relatives of Esociformes + Salmoniformes are inconsistent among analyses. Within the order Esociformes, we advocate for a single family, Esocidae. Subfamily relationships within Salmonidae are poorly supported as Salmoninae sister to Thymallinae + Coregoninae. |
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| Keywords: | CAT-GTR, Dirichlet process mixture of profiles of equilibrium frequencies combined with general exchange rates DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid ESS, effective sample size HKY, Hasegawa, Kishino, and Yano model of nucleotide evolution HPD, highest posterior density I, proportion of invariant sites Γ, four-category gamma distributed rate variation among sites GTR, general time reversible model of nucleotide evolution Ma, million years ago MCMC, Markov chain Monte Carlo MRA, most recent common ancestor ML, maximum likelihood n, nucleotide ND6, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 PCR, polymerase chain reaction RNA, ribonucleic acid rRNA, ribosomal RNA RY, purine and pyrimidine recoding TE, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tRNA, transfer RNA |
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