DNA-damage response in chromatin of ribosomal genes and the surrounding genome |
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Authors: | Veronika Foltá nková ,Soňa Legartová Stanislav Kozubek,Michal HoferEva Bá rtová |
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Affiliation: | Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65, Brno, Czech Republic |
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Abstract: | DNA repair events have functional significance especially for genome stability. Although the DNA damage response within the whole genome has been extensively studied, the region-specific characteristics of nuclear sub-compartments such as the nucleolus or fragile sites have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that the heterochromatin protein HP1 and PML protein recognize spontaneously occurring 53BP1- or γ-H2AX-positive DNA lesions throughout the genome. Moreover, 53BP1 nuclear bodies, which co-localize with PML bodies, also occur within the nucleoli compartments. Irradiation of the human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS with γ-rays increases the degree of co-localization between 53BP1 and PML bodies throughout the genome; however, the 53BP1 protein is less abundant in chromatin of ribosomal genes and fragile sites (FRA3B and FRA16D) in γ-irradiated cells. Most epigenomic marks on ribosomal genes and fragile sites are relatively stable in both non-irradiated and γ-irradiated cells. However, H3K4me2, H3K9me3, H3K27me3 and H3K79me1 were significantly changed in promoter and coding regions of ribosomal genes after exposure of cells to γ-rays. In fragile sites, γ-irradiation induces a decrease in H3K4me3, changes the levels of HP1β, and modifies the levels of H3K9 acetylation, while the level of H3K9me3 was relatively stable. In these studies, we confirm a specific DNA-damage response that differs between the ribosomal genes and fragile sites, which indicates the region-specificity of DNA repair. |
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Keywords: | 53BP1, p53-binding protein AOTF, acousto-optic tunable filter ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated ATR, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad-related kinase BrdU, 5-bromo-2&prime -deoxy-uridine CD, chromodomain ChIP&ndash PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation&ndash polymerase chain reaction DDR, DNA-damage response DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium dn, double null DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase DSBs, double-strand breaks GFP, green fluorescent protein HDACs, histone deacetylases NHEJ, non-homologous end joining HP1, heterochromatin protein 1 HR, homologous recombination HyDs, hybrid detectors HU, hydroxyurea IRIF, irradiation-induced foci NBs, nuclear bodies Nu, nucleolus PBS, phosphate-buffered saline PFA, paraformaldehyde PML, promyelocytic leukemia bodies wt, wild type γ-H2AX, phosphorylated histone H2AX |
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