人工巢箱条件下的大山雀巢捕食

于2004—2008年在次生阔叶林中,采用悬挂巢箱的方法对大山雀的巢捕食作了研究。结果表明:不同年龄巢箱的被捕食率显著不同,新巢箱被捕食率最低,第2年被捕食率最高,第3年下降很大,第4年又略有上升。被捕食巢的窝卵数极显著的低于未被捕食巢的窝卵数。影响巢捕食的主要生境因子为巢箱高度和巢上盖度,其次为灌木的密度和高度。

Nest predation of Great Tit inside nest boxes

Hanging nest-boxes were used to study the nest predation of Great Tits in secondary broad-leaved forest from year 2004 to 2008. The results showed a significant difference between nest-boxes of different age groups with a chi-square value of 34.55 (P < 0.01, df = 3). The predation rates were the lowest in the new nest-boxes and the highest in the second-year nest-boxes. There was a large decline in predation rate in the third-year boxes and a slight climb-up again in the fourth-year boxes. This is consistent with the hypothesis of G. A. Sonerud et al. (1993): "The nest predation rate increases as the age of nest-box increases, as a result of long-term spatial memory of the predator". To verify the hypothesis that Great Tits could adjust the clutch size after their nests are predated, we conducted a t-test to compare the clutch size of predated nests to the non-predated nests. With a t-value of 3.6488, the clutch size of preyed nests was significantly smaller than non-preyed nests (P < 0.01, df = 16). Habitat factor analysis (PCA) of prey nests revealed that the height of the nest-boxes and the degree of nest site coverage were the main habitat factors impacting the nest predation, followed by the density and height of shrubs as secondary impacting factors.Key words: Great Tit, nest predation, clutch size, habitat factor.