Characterizing cultivable soil microbial communities from copper fungicide-amended olive orchard and vineyard soils |
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Authors: | Carlo Viti Davide Quaranta Roberto De Philippis Giuseppe Corti Alberto Agnelli Rosanna Cuniglio Luciana Giovannetti |
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Institution: | (1) Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, sez. Microbiologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, P.le delle Cascine 24, Firenze, 50144, Italy;(2) Present address: Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;(3) Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali e delle Produzioni Vegetali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy |
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Abstract: | Use of copper-based fungicides has led to an increase in the total Cu content in agriculture soils. The focus of this study
was to determine fractionation of Cu and to investigate the structure and the diversity of cultivable bacterial communities
in two vineyards (one 25 years old and one 2 years old), one olive orchard and two forest soils. All soils developed on an
Oligocene sandstone. The concentration of total Cu in the old vineyard (176.6 mg kg−1) and olive orchard (145.5–296.7 mg kg−1) was from 5 to 10 times higher than in forest soils. The major amount of Cu was found bound to the humic substances in cultivated
soils, whereas in forest soils Cu was found in the residual mineral fraction. A relationship was found between the number
of cultivable Cu-tolerant bacteria and total Cu content in soil. In the cultivated soils, Cu had a toxicological effect on
bacterial community, and thereby Cu-levels > to 145 mg kg−1 could be a risk to soil biota. Microbial communities were analysed by community level physiological profiling (CLPP), using
the Biolog system, and by the amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) approach. Only when cell suspensions containing
104 colony-forming units (c.f.u.) were inoculated in each well of Biolog EcoPlates it was possible to discriminate microbial
communities from different soil samples. As expected, 16S ARDRA showed that cultivated soils had a lower microbial diversity
in respect to forest soils. |
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Keywords: | Copper Copper fractionation Microbial community ARDRA CLPP-Biolog |
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