Trefoil factor family peptide 2 acts pro-proliferative and pro-apoptotic in the murine retina |
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Authors: | Adnana N Paunel-Görgülü Andreas G Franke Friedrich P Paulsen Nicole Dünker |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany;(2) Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany;(3) Present address: Department of Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany;(4) Present address: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany; |
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Abstract: | Although expression of trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides has been reported in the brain, nothing is known about TFF expression
in the retina. The aim of this study was to test whether TFF peptides are expressed in the murine retina and have any function
here. In contrast to most tissues studied, where TFF1 and TFF3 are the predominant peptides, TFF2 is the only peptide expressed
in the murine retina. Immunohistochemical studies on murine retinal sections indicate that cells of the ganglion cell layer
are the retinal source for murine TFF2 (Tff2). In organotypic murine retina cell cultures recombinant TFF2 exerted a strong
pro-apoptotic and pro-proliferative rather than an anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferating effect described in most human cancer
cell lines investigated so far. In blockage experiments we were able to demonstrate that the pro-apoptotic effect of TFF2
is caspase-dependent. Western blot analysis of TFF2 treated retinal wholemount homogenates revealed significant reductions
in the phosphorylation level of ERK and STAT3 proteins compared to basal conditions, suggesting that in the developing murine
retina survival mechanism are down-regulated upon TFF2 administration. Our results suggest that during retinal cell death
periods, requiring a tightly regulated balance between cell survival and cell death, TFF2 acts pro-proliferative and pro-apoptotic
at least in developing mouse retinae cultured in vivo. |
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