Description of Bacillus toyonensis sp. nov., a novel species of the Bacillus cereus group,and pairwise genome comparisons of the species of the group by means of ANI calculations |
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Authors: | Guillermo Jimé nez,Mercedes Urdiain,Ana Cifuentes,Ará nzazu Ló pez-Ló pez,Anicet R. Blanch,Javier Tamames,Peter Kä mpfer,Anne-Brit Kolstø ,Daniel Ramó n,Juan F. Martí nez,Francisco M. Codoñ er,Ramon Rosselló -Mó ra |
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Affiliation: | 1. Rubinum S.A., Avda. de La Llana 123, 08191 Rubí, Catalonia, Spain;2. Marine Microbiology Group, Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain;3. Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;4. Systems Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain;5. Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;6. Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway;g Lifesequencing S.L., C/Catedrático A. Escardino Belloch 9, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain |
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Abstract: | Strain BCT-7112T was isolated in 1966 in Japan from a survey designed to obtain naturally occurring microorganisms as pure cultures in the laboratory for use as probiotics in animal nutrition. This strain, which was primarily identified as Bacillus cereus var toyoi, has been in use for more than 30 years as the active ingredient of the preparation TOYOCERIN®, an additive for use in animal nutrition (e.g. swine, poultry, cattle, rabbits and aquaculture). Despite the fact that the strain was initially classified as B. cereus, it showed significant genomic differences from the type strains of the B. cereus group that were large enough (ANI values below 92%) to allow it to be considered as a different species within the group. The polyphasic taxonomic study presented here provides sufficient discriminative parameters to classify BCT-7112T as a new species for which the name Bacillus toyonensis sp. nov. is proposed, with BCT-7112T (=CECT 876T; =NCIMB 14858T) being designated as the type strain. In addition, a pairwise comparison between the available genomes of the whole B. cereus group by means of average nucleotide identity (ANI) calculations indicated that besides the eight classified species (including B. toyonensis), additional genomospecies could be detected, and most of them also had ANI values below 94%. ANI values were on the borderline of a species definition only in the cases of representatives of B. cereus versus B. thuringiensis, and B. mycoides and B. weihenstephanensis. |
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Keywords: | Bacillus cereus group ANI Polyphasic taxonomy Probiotic Genome comparisons |
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