利用RAPD技术对葱属品种遗传关系的分析

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术分析了我国栽培的几个主要葱属品种。所用的20个引物，有11个能扩增出重现性好且稳定的谱带，10个品种共扩增出102条带，其中68条具多态性。根据DNA谱带计算的10个品种相似系数范围为0.571～0.947。对10个品种的UPGMA聚类分析表明，章丘大葱(Allium fistulosum var. gigantum cv. Zhangqiu Welsh onion)、天津五叶齐（A. fistulosum var.gigantum cv. Tianjin Wuyeqi Welsh onion）、上海分葱（A. fistulosum var. caepitosum cv.Shanghai Spring onion）、南京冬葱（A. fistulosum var. caepitosum cv. Nanjing Winter onion）和韩国大葱（A. fistulosum var .gigantum cv. Korea Welsh onion）关系较近。根据聚类结果，将章丘大葱、天津五叶齐、上海分葱、南京冬葱、韩国大葱、细香葱（A. schoenoprasum）以及楼葱（A. fistulosum var. viviparum）归为葱组；而将胡葱（A. ascalonicum）、洋葱（A. cepa）及洋葱和大葱的杂交种归为洋葱组。最后根据RAPD标记，讨论了各品种之间的亲缘关系。

The analysis of genetic relationship among some Allium cultivars determined by RAPD markers

Nine cultivars belonging to four species and one hybrid of Allium commonly cultivated in China were analyzed by RAPD markers to determine their genetic relationship. Of the 20 decamer nucleotide primers screened , 11 showed consistent banding patterns and amplification and produced 102 bands with 68 polymorphic. The similar indices among the materials ranged from 0. 571 to 0. 947. A . fistulosum var. gigantum cv. Zhangqiu Welsh onion , A . fistulosum var. gigantum cv. Tianjin Wuyeqi Welsh onion , A . fistulosum var. caepitosum cv. Shanghai Spring onion and A . fistulosum var. caepitosum cv. Nanjing Winter onion (Spring onion) had the highest similar indices of 0. 947 and 0. 942 respectively. Relationship between the cultivars determined by UPGMA cluster analysis demonstrated Zhangqiu Welsh onion , Tianjin Wuyeqi Welsh onion , Shanghai Spring onion and Nanjing Winter onion were clustered together respectively. The two Welsh onion cultivars , two Spring onion cultivars and Welsh onion from Korea were clustered very closely. A . schoenoprasum and A . fistulosum var. viviparum were subclustered further in the group of A . fistulosum , including A . fistulosum , A . schoenoprasum , A . ascalonicum and A . cepa were clustered together. The hybrid of Zhangqiu Welsh onion ×A . cepa was clustered very closely with A . ascalonicum and A . cepa , but clustered with the group of A . fistulosum with the furthest linkage distance. A . ascalonicum and A . cepa could be included in the group of A . cepa. The taxonomy of A llium was discussed on the basis of RAPD markers.