Marine mollusc predator-escape behaviour altered by near-future carbon dioxide levels |
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Authors: | Sue-Ann Watson Sjannie Lefevre Mark I McCormick Paolo Domenici G?ran E Nilsson Philip L Munday |
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Institution: | 1.Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;2.Programme for Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway;3.Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto per l''Ambiente Marino Costiero, Torregrande, Oristano 09072, Italy |
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Abstract: | Ocean acidification poses a range of threats to marine invertebrates; however, the potential effects of rising carbon dioxide (CO2) on marine invertebrate behaviour are largely unknown. Marine gastropod conch snails have a modified foot and operculum allowing them to leap backwards rapidly when faced with a predator, such as a venomous cone shell. Here, we show that projected near-future seawater CO2 levels (961 µatm) impair this escape behaviour during a predator–prey interaction. Elevated-CO2 halved the number of snails that jumped from the predator, increased their latency to jump and altered their escape trajectory. Physical ability to jump was not affected by elevated-CO2 indicating instead that decision-making was impaired. Antipredator behaviour was fully restored by treatment with gabazine, a GABA antagonist of some invertebrate nervous systems, indicating potential interference of neurotransmitter receptor function by elevated-CO2, as previously observed in marine fishes. Altered behaviour of marine invertebrates at projected future CO2 levels could have potentially far-reaching implications for marine ecosystems. |
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Keywords: | ocean acidification trophic interaction predator– prey invertebrate neurotransmitter receptor GABA |
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