Bioluminescence of sound-scattering layers in the Gulf of Maine |
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Authors: | Widder EA; Greene CH; Youngbluth MJ |
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Institution: | 1Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution 5600 Old Dixie Highway, Fort Pierce, FL 34946
2Ocean Resources and Ecosystems Program, Corson Hall, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853, USA |
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Abstract: | Submersible-based investigations of bioluminescence were conductedin sound-scattering layers (SSLs) in the Gulf of Maine, usingintensified video and dual-beam acoustic methods. Stimulatedbioluminescence in the SSLs was high (341 µW sr1m3 while spontaneous bioluminescence was not detected.The average intensity of individual bioluminescent sources inthe SSLs was 30200 times greater than the intensity oflight emitters outside the SSLs. The two brightest sources ofbioluminescence were identified as the euphausiid, Meganyctiphanesnorvegica and the cydippid ctenophore, Euplokamis sp. Meganyctiphanesnorvegica formed a SSL within 50 m of the bottom during theday and migrated to the uppermost 30 m of the water column atnight, forming a near-surface SSL. Euplokamis sp., which producedexceptionally intense and long-lasting bioluminescent secretions,occurred within the near-bottom SSL in concentrations up to7 m3. Our findings indicate that traditional methodsof identifying the primary light emitters in a region, basedon light measurements from net- or pump-captured organisms,may have underestimated the significant in situ bioluminescencepotential of euphausiids and gelatinous zooplankton.
3 Present address: NOAA/NURP/R-OR2, Silver Spring, MD 20910,USA |
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