Peer separation in infant chimpanzees,a pilot study |
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Authors: | Deborah S Snyder Charles E Graham James A Bowen Martin Reite |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 80523 Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A.;(2) Present address: Primate Research Institute, New Mexico State University, 88330 Las Cruces, New Mexico, U.S.A.;(3) Present address: Department of Psychiatry, Primate Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 80262 Denver, Colorado, U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | Seven nursery reared chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), 7.5 to 10.5 months of age, were studied to determine the effects of a short period of separation from their peers on behavior
and heart rate. The chimpanzees were separated from their mothers at birth, and reared in the nursery in a group living environment.
The experiment encompassed a 13-day period, including 4 days of normative baseline, 5 days during which three of the infants
were separated and housed in isolation while the other four controls remained together, and 4 days in which all of the animals
were reunited. Six quantified behavioral observations and five heart rate measurements were obtained daily. Following separation,
the isolated infants were behaviorally agitated, and exhibited increases in vocalizations, rocking and self-clasp behaviors,
as well as changes in facial expression including cry face, whimper face and pout face. Time spent locomoting decreased in
all seven animals during the separation period. Agitated behavior in the separated and isolated infants alternated with stationary
withdrawn behavior. Individual differences were prominent. Heart rate was notable by the generally poorly developed circadian
rhythmicity throughout the 13 day period; significant HR changes did not appear otherwise associated with separation. Day
three of separation appeared to represent a point of transition with stereotyped motor behaviors developing in the three isolated
infants and in one control infant. |
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