Novel vertebrate genes and putative regulatory elements identified at kidney disease and NR2E1/fierce loci |
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Authors: | Abrahams Brett S Mak Grace M Berry Melissa L Palmquist Diana L Saionz Jennifer R Tay Alice Tan Y H Brenner Sydney Simpson Elizabeth M Venkatesh Byrappa |
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Institution: | Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics, British Columbia Research Institute for Children's and Women's Health, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 980 West 28(th) Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada. |
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Abstract: | Fierce (frc) mice are deleted for nuclear receptor 2e1 (Nr2e1), and exhibit cerebral hypoplasia, blindness, and extreme aggression. To characterize the Nr2e1 locus, which may also contain the mouse kidney disease (kd) allele, we compared sequence from human, mouse, and the puffer fish Fugu rubripes. We identified a novel gene, c222389, containing conserved elements in noncoding regions. We also discovered a novel vertebrate gene conserved across its length in prokaryotes and invertebrates. Based on a dramatic upregulation in lactating breast, we named this gene lactation elevated-1 (LACE1). Two separate 100-bp elements within the first NR2E1 intron were virtually identical between the three species, despite an estimated 450 million years of divergent evolution. These elements represent strong candidates for functional NR2E1 regulatory elements in vertebrates. A high degree of conservation across NR2E1 combined with a lack of interspersed repeats suggests that an array of regulatory elements embedded within the gene is required for proper gene expression. |
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