Diffusion of the Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball in Europe: a consequence of human trading activity |
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Authors: | Sabrina Bertin Carmela R Guglielmino Nisrine Karam Ludvik M Gomulski Anna R Malacrida Giuliano Gasperi |
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Institution: | (1) Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Pavia, Piazza Botta 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy;(2) Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy |
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Abstract: | Scaphoideus titanus Ball is a Nearctic leafhopper that was introduced for the first time in Europe probably at the beginning of the 20th century.
In Europe, this species is a specialist on cultivated grapevines and is of great economic importance as the vector of Flavescence
dorée (FD), a Grapevine Yellows disease caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis. The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was employed to obtain genetic information about
the diffusion and the structure of S. titanus populations. Two American and 14 European populations were analysed. A total of 188 reproducible bands, obtained from three
arbitrary primers, were considered to assess the amount and the pattern of genetic variation within and among leafhopper populations.
American populations showed high levels of intra-population polymorphism and dissimilarity and appeared to be the most isolated
of all the tested samples. The results confirm the historical role of American samples as the sources for the more recently
founded European populations. RAPD analyses revealed a weak genetic structure of European samples that could probably be explained
invoking the human role in their diffusion. The non-natural spreading of S. titanus across Europe is in fact attributable to the exchange of grapevine canes and grafts carrying eggs that the insect laid under
the bark to overwinter. |
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Keywords: | Diffusion Genetic relatedness Grapevine Polymorphism RAPD-PCR Scaphoideus titanus |
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