3,5-Diaryl-1H-pyrazole as a molecular scaffold for the synthesis of apoptosis-inducing agents |
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Authors: | Arthur Y Shaw Hao-Han Liau Pei-Jung Lu Chia-Ning Yang Chien-Hsing Lee Jun-Yan Chen Zhigang Xu Gary Flynn |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Taipei 251, Taiwan;2. Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;3. Institute of Biotechnology, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 700, Taiwan;4. Department of Life Science, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 700, Taiwan;5. Department of pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA |
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Abstract: | The scaffold of 3,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazole was selected as a molecular template to synthesize novel growth-inhibitory agents in the present study. Our findings suggested that analogs bearing electron-withdrawing groups on one ring while electron-donating groups on another reveal significant activities. In particular, 26 bearing a 1,1′-biphenyl moiety displayed the most potent activity against OVCA, SW620, H460 and AGS cells with GI50 values of 0.67, 0.89, 0.73 and 0.79 μM, respectively. The mechanistic study revealed that 26-mediated apoptosis-inducing effect on OVCA cells was, in part, attributed to the inhibition of protein kinase B/Akt activity, accompanied by the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway through the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, as well as the cleavage of protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DNA fragmentation. Further structure–activity relationship study employed by Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) was carried out with q2 and R2 values of 0.671 and 0.846, respectively. |
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