昆虫5-羟色胺及其受体的研究进展

5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT）是昆虫体内一种重要的生物胺。5-HT在昆虫神经组织和非神经组织中均可合成，它可被5-HT转运体重吸收进入突触前结构中。5-HT通过结合特异性的G蛋白偶联受体在昆虫体内发挥不同的神经调控作用，调节昆虫主要的行为活动，比如取食、生物钟、聚集、学习和记忆等。昆虫体内5-HT受体有5种，分别为5-HT1A，5-HT1B, 5-HT2A，5-HT2B 和5-HT7。其中5-HT1A和5-HT1B偶联胞内cAMP的降低, 5-HT2A和5-HT2B偶联胞内Ca²⁺的释放, 5 HT7偶联胞内cAMP的升高。近年来，昆虫体内5-HT及其受体的研究有了很大的进展，昆虫体内越来越多的5-HT受体被克隆，并进行了功能和药理学性质分析。不同昆虫5 HT受体药理学性质存在差异，将为以5-HT受体为靶标，设计新型特异性杀虫剂提供理论基础。

Advances in 5-hydroxytryptamine and its receptors in insects

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is an important biogenic amine in insects, which is synthesized in both neuronal and peripheral tissues and can be reuptaken by serotonin transporter into presynaptic neuron. 5-HT plays various important physiological roles in insects through specific G protein-coupled receptors, such as feeding, circadian behavior, aggregation, learning and memory. There are five types of 5-HT receptors in insects, i.e., 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT7. 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B inhibit intracellular cAMP production, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B  increase Ca²⁺ level, and 5-HT7 induces cAMP production. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research of 5-HT in insects, especially their receptors. More and more 5-HT receptor genes have been cloned, and their functions and pharmacological properties have been analyzed. The pharmacological differences of 5-HT receptors from different insects will provide fundamental basis for designing and developing new specific insecticides for pest management.