中国明亮熊蜂复合种的分子鉴定及分布特性

【目的】为了探明中国境内明亮熊蜂复合种Bombus lucorum complex的物种组成及其分布特性。【方法】利用DNA条形码技术对来源于中国境内的明亮熊蜂复合种的223个标本进行了鉴定， 并根据鉴定结果分析了各物种的分布特性。【结果】中国境内明亮熊蜂复合种包括地熊蜂B. terrestris、 隐熊蜂B. cryptarum、 明亮熊蜂B. lucorum和长翅熊蜂B. longipennis。4种熊蜂共获得160条DNA条形码序列， 包含36个单倍型， 其中B. longipennis单倍型最多， 为14个； B. terrestris最少， 为3个。B. terrestris和B. lucorum亲缘关系最远， 其遗传距离为0.077； B. lucorum和B. longipennis亲缘关系最近， 其遗传距离为0.034。系统进化分析（贝叶斯法和最大似然法）表明， 4种熊蜂的分化先后顺序为B. terrestris, B. longipennis, B. lucorum和B. cryptarum。4种熊蜂的分布格局不同， 平均分布海拔高度由高到低的顺序依次为B. longipennis, B. cryptarum, B. lucorum和B. terrestris。B. longipennis发现于高海拔的青藏高原东部及南部地区， 而B. terrestris仅发现于低海拔的新疆西北部边界地带。【结论】本研究探明了中国境内明亮熊蜂复合种的分类地位及其分布特性， 为深入研究该类群的资源保护和农业授粉利用奠定了基础。

Molecular identification and distribution characteristics of the bumblebee Bombus lucorum complex in China

【Aim】 To explore the species composition and distribution characteristics of the bumblebee Bombus lucorum complex in China. 【Methods】 DNA (COI) barcodes were used to identify larger new samples of B. lucorum complex from China and then the distribution patterns of these species were plotted using these samples. 【Results】 B. lucorum complex in China includes four cryptic species, i. e., B. terrestris, B. cryptarum, B. lucorum and B. longipennis. From a total of 160 COI barcode sequences from the four species, 36 unique haplotypes were identified, with the highest diversity occurring within B. longipennis (14 haplotypes) and the lowest within B. terrestris (3 haplotypes). The longest genetic distance (0.077) was found between B. terrestris and B. lucorum, and the shortest (0.034) was found between B. lucorum and B. longipennis. Phylogenetic analysis of Bayesian and Maximum-likelihood methods showed that the divergence of the four species occurred in the order of B. terrestris, B. longipennis, B. lucorum, and B. cryptarum. Distribution patterns differed among the four species. The mean elevation of the four species ranks from high to low in the order of B. longipennis, B. cryptarum, B. lucorum, and B. terrestris. B. longipennis was found only at high elevation in the eastern and the southern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, while B. terrestris was found only at low elevation in northwestern Xinjiang. 【Conclusion】 This study clarifies the species composition and distribution patterns of the bumblebee B. lucorum complex in China, which will be useful for further studies on resource conservation of these valuable bumblebee taxa and their use in agricultural pollination.