Molecular innovations in plant TIR-based immunity signaling |
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| Authors: | Dmitry Lapin Oliver Johanndrees Zhongshou Wu Xin Li Jane E Parker |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany;2.Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands;3.Michael Smith Labs and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;4.Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Duesseldorf 40225, Germany |
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| Abstract: | A protein domain (Toll and Interleukin-1 receptor [TIR]-like) with homology to animal TIRs mediates immune signaling in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Here, we present an overview of TIR evolution and the molecular versatility of TIR domains in different protein architectures for host protection against microbial attack. Plant TIR-based signaling emerges as being central to the potentiation and effectiveness of host defenses triggered by intracellular and cell-surface immune receptors. Equally relevant for plant fitness are mechanisms that limit potent TIR signaling in healthy tissues but maintain preparedness for infection. We propose that seed plants evolved a specialized protein module to selectively translate TIR enzymatic activities to defense outputs, overlaying a more general function of TIRs.Plants have evolved specialized protein modules to connect TIR domain signaling to Ca2+ influx and mount effective defense responses. |
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