Single-walled carbon nanotube interactions with HeLa cells |
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Authors: | Hadi N Yehia Rockford K Draper Carole Mikoryak Erin Kate Walker Pooja Bajaj Inga H Musselman Meredith C Daigrepont Gregg R Dieckmann Paul Pantano |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA;(2) NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA;(3) Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA |
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Abstract: | This work concerns exposing cultured human epithelial-like HeLa cells to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) dispersed in cell culture media supplemented with serum. First, the as-received CoMoCAT SWNT-containing powder was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric analyses. Characterizations of the purified dispersions, termed DM-SWNTs, involved atomic force microscopy, inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry, and absorption and Raman spectroscopies. Confocal microRaman spectroscopy was used to demonstrate that DM-SWNTs were taken up by HeLa cells in a time- and temperature-dependent fashion. Transmission electron microscopy revealed SWNT-like material in intracellular vacuoles. The morphologies and growth rates of HeLa cells exposed to DM-SWNTs were statistically similar to control cells over the course of 4 d. Finally, flow cytometry was used to show that the fluorescence from MitoSOX™ Red, a selective indicator of superoxide in mitochondria, was statistically similar in both control cells and cells incubated in DM-SWNTs. The combined results indicate that under our sample preparation protocols and assay conditions, CoMoCAT DM-SWNT dispersions are not inherently cytotoxic to HeLa cells. We conclude with recommendations for improving the accuracy and comparability of carbon nanotube (CNT) cytotoxicity reports. |
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