上海郊区姓氏和通婚分析

上海郊区本地人的来源多种多样，通过对13个分布于各区县的乡镇随机抽样统计姓氏，并作各地之间的相关分析和主成分分析，发现嘉定，浦 东，南汇，奉贤东部组成东北部一类，金山，松江，青浦，崇明组成相对一类，南翔姓氏来源复杂，马桥，金汇也是独特的一类。家谱中记载的姓氏与现代的姓氏有明显对应关系，并且东北部的姓氏主要来源于长江以北，而西南部姓氏来源于长江以南，这说明两地人群来源可能不同，东北部晚近成陆地区的居民来源于北方地区，而西南部居民来源于南方其他地区，马桥；金汇等冈身地带居民与远古马桥文化有传承关系，其姓氏成因多样，对金汇镇20世纪不同时期通婚范围的研究发现，70代以平，因媒约习俗而使通婚半径固定于5公里左右的两个乡镇之内，70，80年代自由恋爱使通婚半径缩为3公里左右的同一个乡内，90年代以后由于社会发展迅速而通婚半径扩展到近年的国内各省，金汇镇的通婚范围和血缘自然扩散状况可以代表上海及南方多数地区，相领乡镇之间在媒妁习俗时需2000多年同化时间，在自由恋爱时需7000多年同化时间，可见自然扩散对基因交流的作用是很弱的，移民混居才是主要因素，上海各来源群体的邻居历史远远短于同化时间，所以其间几乎是没有混血的，南方其他地区的情况也会较相似。

The Analysis of the Surnames and Intermarriages of the Suburbanites of Shanghai

The origins of the suburban native of shanghai are varied. With the methods of correlation analysis and principal analysis,we random sampled the surnames of 13 villages and towns located in the districts of Shanghai,and found that Jading,Pudong,Nanhui and the east part of Fengxian make up the group of northeast part,while Jinshan,Songjiang,Qingpu and Chongming make up a completely different one from the other. The surnames of Nanxiang's origin are complex,while Maqiao and Jinhui's are of special kind. The surnames recorded in pedigree have apparent correlation with the modern ones. Moreover,the surnames of northeast part are mainly derived from the areas north to Yangtze River,but those of southwest part come from the areas south to Yangtze River. This explains that the origins of the two districts' throng may be different. The residents of the northeast part,which formed land comparatively recent,probably came from north areas after Tang and Song periods,while those of southeast part came from other northern areas. The residents of shell bar districts such as Maqiao and Jinhui have inherited relation with the culture of remote antiquities of Maqia. The contributing factors of surname are diversified. By researching into the scope of intermarriage of 20th century in Jinhui,we found that before 70's,the intermarriage radius was fixed in 5 kilometers because of match maker custom;in the 70's & 80's,unrestrained love reduced the intermarriage radius into same village about 3 kilometers;after in 90's,the intermarry radius expand to every province because of the rapid social and economic development. The intermarriage scope and consanguinity natural diffuseness can stand for the situations in shanghai and in large parts of south China. The assimilation of adjacent villages under matchmaker custom takes over 2000 years,while takes over 7000 years under unrestrained love. We can see that the impact of the natural diffuseness is rather weak,and the mixed living of emigrants is the main factor. The history of every colony's adjacent living is far shorter than that of assimilation. So there is almost no mixed race in this period. The most parts of south China's situations should be similar. The broken of traditional intermarry suggests us that the auto disappear speed of abundant genetic resource is high. It is now the most pressure time to gather and research our genetic resource.