Crypthecodinium cohnii with emphasis on DHA production: a review

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that belongs to the ω-3 group. In recent years, DHA has attracted much attention because of its recognized beneficial effect on human health. At present, fish oil is the major source of DHA, but it may be produced by microorganisms with additional benefits. Marine microorganisms may contain large amounts of DHA and are considered a potential source of this important fatty acid. Some of these organisms can be grown heterotrophically on organic substrates without light, offering the possibility of greatly increasing microalgal cell concentration under controlled and monitored conditions, resulting in a very high quality product. Among the heterotrophic marine dinoflagellates, Crypthecodinium cohnii has been identified as a prolific producer of DHA. The organism is extraordinary in that it produces no other PUFAs than DHA in its cell lipid in any significant amount, which makes the DHA purification process very attractive, particularly for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. This paper reviews recent advances in the biotechnological production of DHA by C. cohnii.