丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）对外来植物入侵反馈机制的研究进展

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）在植物群落竞争演替、物种多样性的形成及群落空间分布格局、植物群落对全球变化的响应中均起着重要的调节作用;同样也能影响外来植物与本地植物的互作,影响外来植物入侵过程中植物群落演替进程,甚至决定入侵的成败。因此,AMF与外来植物共生及其对外来植物入侵的反馈已成为国际上外来植物入侵机制研究的一个热点。本文基于外来植物的入侵过程,从AMF对外来植物生长、外来植物与本地植物竞争关系的影响,以及外来植物入侵对AMF的影响及AMF对入侵的反馈3个方面综述了AMF对外来植物入侵的反馈机制。外来植物可以通过多种途径改变土著AMF的群落结构和功能,而土著AMF也能直接或间接地改变甚至逆转外来植物与入侵地植物的互作关系。未来的研究不仅需要考虑AMF与外来植物共生的菌根特性和对竞争关系的影响,还需要通过大尺度条件下的野外试验及室内补充试验深入探究影响AMF在外来植物与本地植物竞争演替中的作用的生物和非生物因子,以全面解释AMF影响外来植物入侵的反馈机制。

Current understanding of the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in exotic plant invasions

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） plays important roles in competiveness and succession of plant communities, the maintenance of species diversity, the spatial distribution of populations and the responses of plant communities to global change. AMF also have a role in the process of community succession, during which the invasive plants compete with and exclude native plants. Exotic plants can change the structure and function of the AMF community through different pathways, while native AMF can in turn influence the interaction of exotic and native plants, and succession, sometimes even play a decisive role in the success or failure of an invasion. Therefore, studies on AMF-exotic plant symbiosis and its feedback to exotic plant invasion have become one of the hotspots in the studies on the mechanism of exotic plant invasion. In this paper, we review the status of the research on the mechanism of AMF feedback to plant invasion, focusing on the effect of AMF to the growth of exotic plants, on the competition between exotic and native plants, the effect of plant invasion on AMF and the feedback of AMF to the invasion. Exotic plant can change the structure and function of AMF community, while native AMF can alter or reverse the interaction between exotic and native plants directly or indirectly. For further study, to explain the mechanism of AMF affecting exotic plant invasion comprehensively, we need considering the character of AMF which symbioses with exotic plant, and exploring the biotic and abiotict factors that affect the effect of AMF on the interaction between exotic and native plants.