基于化感物质释放特性的沉水植物抑藻作用模式研究进展

沉水植物对藻类的化感抑制作用，是沉水植物获取竞争优势和维持清水稳态的重要机制之一。化感物质是由植物产生并释放到水环境中的次生代谢产物，化感物质的有效释放和作用是实现沉水植物化感抑藻作用的关键环节。因此，在化感物质释放水平阐明沉水植物化感抑藻的作用模式、过程和机制具有重要意义。通过比较沉水植物化感物质释放到水环境中的种类、含量和常规急性毒性测试中化感物质的抑藻效果，发现沉水植物化感物质在释放水平上的作用模式不同于常规急性毒性试验中的单次作用。为了回答沉水植物化感物质在释放水平如何高效抑藻的问题，结合化感物质的释放特性，重点从化感物质的联合作用和持续作用等角度探讨沉水植物化感抑藻的作用模式，提出沉水植物可能通过多种化感物质低剂量持续释放的方式，实现对目标藻类的持续协同控制。今后有必要进一步结合沉水植物与目标藻类的共存系统与原位实验，借助分析化学、植物化学、细胞和分子生物学的技术手段，从生态学水平加强沉水植物化感抑藻作用机制研究。

RESEARCH ADVANCES ON THE MODES OF ACTION FOR ALLELOPATHIC ALGAL INHIBITION BY SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES BASED ON THE RELEASE CHARACTERISTICS OF ALLELOCHEMICALS

Allelopathic algal inhibition is one of important mechanisms for submerged macrophytes to gain a competi-tive advantage and stabilize clear-water states. Allelochemicals are secondary metabolites produced and released into water environment by submerged macrophytes, which are pivotal for submerged macrophytes to exert allelopathic algal inhibition. Hence, it is very important to clarify their modes of action, process and mechanisms of allelochemicals. Varieties and contents of allelochemicals were released by submerged macrophytes, and their algal inhibitory effects were reviewed, indicating that the modes of action for allelochemicals at releasing levels were different from a single function in traditional acute toxicity assays. To figure out how allelochemicals at releasing levels to exert effective algal inhibition, combined and continual action as two possible modes of action were discussed. It was proposed that mul-tiple allelochemicals of submerged macrophytes might be released continuously at low-dosage levels to exert a persis-tent and synergetic inhibition on target algae. In the future research, plant-algae coculture system, in situ experiments, analytical chemistry, plant chemistry, cell biology, and molecular biology are extremely essential for understanding al-lelopathical mechanisms of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton.