入侵动物福寿螺内生纤维素酶特性及应用研究进展

纤维素酶高效降解纤维素生产单糖,在纺织、造纸、食品、饲料等行业有重要应用价值。近年来,动物源的纤维素酶展现出优良的降解能力,其应用受到广泛关注。软体动物福寿螺是入侵我国华南地区的恶性外来物种,已经对水稻生产和湿地生物多样性造成了严重危害。福寿螺对多种植物的强消化能力与其体内的内生纤维素酶有密切关系。本文聚焦于福寿螺组织的内生纤维素酶,综述了该酶的基因特征、活性因素、重组表达及生产应用。各种福寿螺内生纤维素酶的编码基因在分子质量、基因长度、开放阅读框长度、同源性等方面存在明显差异,环境因素pH、温度、金属离子、阴离子及螯合剂显著影响其活性。采用基因工程和优化表达菌株培养可以提高酶的生产效率,福寿螺内生纤维素酶的转化表达能提高食用菌生物效率和产量,提升动物饲料利用率,增强果蔬汁液提取,其在啤酒酵母中的表达有助于提高乙醇生产率。基于福寿螺内生纤维素酶应用中面临的问题,提出了加快福寿螺内生纤维素酶资源利用并强化对福寿螺属的其他螺类内生纤维素酶研究的建议。

Research progress on characteristics and applications of endogenous cellulase in apple snail

Cellulase can efficiently degrade cellulose to produce monosaccharides,with valuable potential in textile,paper,food,feed and other industries.Recently,animal-originated cellulase has drawn widespread attention due to its excellent ability in cellulose biodegradation.As a noxious invasive gastropod that has colonized South China for forty years,the apple snail has caused severe damage to rice production and wetland biodiversity.The strong digestive ability of apple snail on plants is closely related to the endogenous cellulase.We carried out a comprehensive analysis on the endogenous cellulase in apple snail by summarizing coding characteristics,factors determining endogenous cellulose activity,gene expression and utilization.There were significant differences in molecular weight,gene length,open reading frame length,homology of the endogenous cellulase-encoding gene of apple snails.Environmental factors,including pH,temperature,metal ions,anions and chelating agents,greatly affected enzyme activity.Genetic engineering and optimized strain cultivation could improve the production efficiency of endogenous cellulase in apple snails.The endogenous cellulase of apple snails helped improve biological efficiency and yield of edible fungi,increase the utilization rate of animal feed,and enhance fruit and vegetable juice extraction.The expression of endogenous cellulase gene in beer yeast helped increase ethanol production.According to the problems in applying endogenous cellulase of apple snail,we put forward countermeasures for accelerating the utilization of the endogenous cellulase of apple snail and suggestions for emphasizing the research on the endogenous cellulase from other Pomacea snails.