不同覆盖施肥措施对黄土旱塬冬小麦土壤水分的影响

于2007年9月—2008年7月在位于黄土高原渭北旱塬的王东沟试验区进行冬小麦不同覆盖施肥措施（包括不施肥、农民习惯施肥、推荐施肥、推荐施肥+有机肥、推荐施肥+垄上覆膜、推荐施肥+垄上覆膜+沟内覆草、推荐施肥+全区覆草7个处理）田间试验，并采用水分中子仪定期观测土壤含水量，研究黄土高原旱塬区不同栽培措施下土壤水分的变化特征.结果表明：在干旱季节（春季），推荐施肥+垄上覆膜+沟内覆草措施有利于贮存更多的土壤水分，其土壤储水量约比最低值（推荐施肥+有机肥）高48.2 mm，并可将土壤水分保持到冬小麦需水的关键期，而且推荐施肥+垄上覆膜措施仅次于推荐施肥+垄上覆膜+沟内覆草，表明这两种措施能够在田间蓄积较多天然降水，有利于黄土高原旱区雨养农业的发展.

Effects of mulching and fertilization on winter wheat field soil moisture in dry highland region of Loess Plateau.

A field experiment was conducted in a winter wheat field in Weibei dry highland region of Loess Plateau to study the effects of different mulching and fertilization treatments on soil moisture regime. The treatments were 1) no fertilization, 2) conventional fertilization, 3) recommended fertilization, 4) recommended fertilization + manure, 5) recommended fertilization + plastic mulch on soil ridges, 6) recommended fertilization + plastic mulch on soil ridges and straw mulch in furrows, and 7) recommended fertilization + straw mulch on entire plot. Soil moisture content was determined regularly with a neutron probe. Among the treatments, recommended fertilization plus plastic mulch on soil ridges and straw mulch in furrows in dry season (spring) resulted in the greatest increase of soil water storage and maintained the storage to the critical stage crops needed, followed by recommended fertilization plus plastic mulch on soil ridges. These two treatments could store more precipitation in field, and would benefit the development of rainfed agriculture in dry highland region of Loess Plateau. As for recommended fertilization plus manure, it had the least increase of soil water storage, with a difference of 482 mm to the recommended fertilization plus plastic mulch on soil ridges and straw mulch in furrows in dry season.