基于遥感的夏季西安城市公园"冷效应"研究

城市公园景观作为城市绿洲区对城市生态环境特别是局地热环境的调节和改善起着极其重要的作用.以热红外遥感数据为信息源,以遥感定量反演和地理信息空间分析技术为支撑,对西安市城区7个主要公园对周边区域热环境的降温效应进行了研究.结果表明:降温幅度(△T)与远离公园的距离(L)两者间呈现非线性的关系特征；不同形态参数的公园对其周边区域的热环境影响不同,公园降温范围与公园绿地面积和水体面积呈现较强的正相关关系；公园水体面积比例≥30％时,其平均降温影响范围和降温幅度均高于水体面积比例低于30％的公园.因此,城市公园建设,不仅要考虑公园面积和形状,亦要考虑水体比例,一般说来,水体面积占公园面积30％以上为佳.基于热红外遥感数据对城市公园影响周边区域的范围和强度进行了定量探讨,所得结论对指导城市公园的规划与建设具有实用价值和参考意义.

Research on the cooling effect of Xi'an parks in summer based on remote sensing

The park landscape as the Oases in the city played an important role to the overall and partial urban eco-environment. Based on the thermal infrared remote sensing data, this paper analyzed the relationship between the land surface temperature of seven parks in Xian and the surrounding areas by using the technology of Mono-window algorithm and the spatial analysis based on RS and GIS. The results showed that: the temperature differences between the surrounding areas and boundaries of park rise with the distances further away from the park boundaries and growth mode for nonlinear. The parks with the different parameters have different effect on surrounding area of the thermal environment, and park area were decisive factor to the average temperature of parks. The average temperature decreasing range around parks has a positive relationship with the park area of green and water. Specially, when the water proportion over 30% in park, the average temperature decreasing range and the distance far away from the parks were higher than the park with the water proportion less than 30% in the Xi'an city. Therefore, we should not only consider the shape of the parks, but also should make the water proportion over 30% for the new park construction. In this study we got the features of the parks to the surrounding areas based on the thermal inferred data, which provides a reference and theory basis for the new parks design and construction.