城乡结合部人-环境系统关系研究综述

城乡结合部往往是人-环境系统关系最严峻的地区之一.20世纪80年代以来,城市扩张在城乡结合部所引起的生态环境效应受到了越来越多研究者的关注.城乡结合部土地利用/覆盖变化的监测、模拟及其驱动力分析,自然与农业生态系统的演变与调控,以及环境污染等逐渐成为研究热点.众多研究证实了人类活动干扰下城乡结合部环境系统的脆弱性,生态退化和环境污染往往十分严重.城乡结合部环境系统的演变对人类社会经济系统的反馈影响也受到一些研究者的关注.研究认为城乡结合部自然和农业生态系统的丧失不仅危及到当地居民的生计,也对当地社会资本造成影响,并有可能引发一些社会矛盾.目前,针对城乡结合部人-环境系统关系的研究,多采用单学科的方法进行,系统的综合性研究还较少,难以揭示该区域人-环境系统错综复杂的交互作用关系；在研究尺度上,往往从宏观或中观尺度人手,研究城乡结合部的外部力量对环境系统的影响,微观尺度上的个体和地方力量很少被关注.未来有必要进一步加强该区域人-环境系统关系的跨学科、多尺度的综合性研究.

The relationship between humans and the environment at the urban-rural interface:research progress and prospects

The relationship between human and environmental systems at the urban-rural interface faces many challenges from urbanization. Since the 1980s, the environmental effects caused by urbanization at the urban-rural interface have been studied intensively. In recent years research has focused on the detection of changes in land-cover and land-use, projections and driving force analysis, natural and agricultural ecosystem evolution and conservation, as well as environmental pollution at the urban-rural interface. Many researchers have proved that the environmental system at the urban-rural interface is vulnerable to disturbance by human activities and urbanization, and usually shows serious degradation and pollution. The feedback effects of the changes in the environmental systems on human, social and economic systems have also been the subject of research. Some research has proved that the loss of natural and agricultural ecosystems at the urban-rural interface not only affects the local residents' livelihoods, but also affects the local social capital, and can even cause social conflict. At present, researchers of the human-environment relationship at the urban-rural interface often take single-disciplinary approaches, which are inadequate to meet the demands of a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interaction between the human system and the environmental system at the urban-rural interface. A great deal of attention has been given to macro and meso scale processes, such as the influence of external social, economic and political factors on the environmental systems at the urban-rural interface. However, the role of local agents, such as farmers, at the micro scale has been the object of much less attention, both in terms of research and management. In fact, the urban-rural fringe is presented as an area in which multiple forces operate at different scales on environmental systems and in which local and individual actors have an important part to play. So, future research on human-environment relationships at the urban-rural interface should adopt interdisciplinary and multi-scale approaches.