武汉市造纸行业资源代谢分析

资源代谢问题是造成产业系统生态环境影响的主要原因.在分析武汉市造纸行业资源代谢的基础上从资源输入-资源使用-环境胁迫-系统循环共生4个方面构建武汉市造纸行业资源代谢分析指标体系.运用模糊综合评判法和问题树模型对2007年武汉市造纸业的原材料、水、能源等资源的代谢与全国造纸行业平均水平进行了比较分析.结果表明:(1)武汉市造纸业资源代谢水平总体上评价等级为优,但某些指标与全国平均水平比还略有差距；(2)从资源输入角度分析,原材料输入生态效率及水资源输入生态效率等级为优,能源输入生态效率等级为良；(3)从资源使用角度分析,单位产品的原材料消耗及单位产品的水资源消耗等级为优,单位产品的能源消耗等级为良；(4)从环境胁迫角度分析,单位污染物工业总产值及单位产品污染物排放等级均为优,污染物达标排放率等级为良；(5)从系统循环共生分析,企业清洁生产达标率等级为良,资源持续利用及污染物治理等级为优,而中水回用率等级为差.通过代谢分析可得,武汉市造纸行业能源输入生态效率、单位产品能源消耗与全国平均水平比还有一定距离,整个行业中企业清洁生产比例还具有提升的空间；中水回用方面较弱,需要特别加强.

Resources metabolism analysis for the pulp and paper industry in Wuhan, China

Resources metabolism problems are the main reason resulting in the eco-environmental impacts of industrial system. Material flow analysis is a methodology that focuses on tracking and quantifying a substance or substance group as it moves through a system and is the primary tool used to understand the metabolic processes of anthropological activity. Based on analyzing the resources metabolism of the pulp and paper industry in Wuhan by the methodology of MFA, an analysis indicator system was built, which included four aspects: resources input, resources consumption, environmental stress and circular symbiosis. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the problem tree model were used to evaluate metabolism of raw materials, water, and energy of the pulp and paper industry in Wuhan. Five grades were included: excellent, good, moderate, bad and very bad. The results were compared with the national average level in 2007. The results showed that the evaluation grade of resources metabolism of the pulp and paper industry in Wuhan is excellent,while it is still slightly lower than the national average level. When evaluating the resources metabolism separately by resources input, resources consumption, environmental stress and circular symbiosis, we found that: (1) The grades of the ecological efficiency of raw material input, energy input and water input were excellent, good and excellent respectively; (2) The grade of the energy consumption per unit product was good, and that of the water consumption per unit product and the raw material consumption per unit product were excellent; (3) the grades of the output value per unit pollutant and the pollutant emission per unit product were excellent, and the grade of the compliance rate of pollution emission was good; (4) The grade of the proportion of cleaner production was good, and that of the pollution treatment and the sustainable utilization of resources were excellent, but that of reuse water rate was bad. Based on the resources metabolic analysis for the pulp and paper industry in Wuhan, we can draw some conclusions as follows: (1) The problems on energy consumption, water consumption and pollution discharge mainly arise from pulp and paper production, suggesting great potentials on reduction of energy and water consumption and pollution emission in these processes. (2) Comparing with national average level, the use rate of the wastepaper pulp is higher and that of the wood pulp is lower. (3) The ecological efficiency of the energy input and the energy consumption per unit product are below the national average level, and the proportion of cleaner production is also below the reference value. They all should to be improved. (4) There is great potential for improvement in reuse of water resource. This study demonstrates the use of resources metabolism analysis approach we posed before, and highlights the need for the evaluation standard and database for analysis of the resources metabolism for industrial ecosystems.